Two Cases of Appendiceal Intussusception: A Rare Diagnostic Pitfall in Colonoscopy

Partially or completely invaginated appendix mistaken for a polyp during colonoscopy and leading to intussusception is a rare situation. This paper describes our experience with two cases of appendiceal intussusception. In the first case, there was no underlying ileocecal abnormality, and, in the second case, histologic examination of the resected appendix and cecum revealed widespread foci of angiodysplasia, and this was thought to be the basis for the intussusception. The authors present reviews of the literature concerning clinical features and associated conditions and emphasize that failure to recognize this condition may result in unexpected complications such as consequent peritonitis in case of endoscopic removal

Synthesis and reactions of 3-aminotetrachloroquinazolin-2,4-dione

N-phenylsulphonyloxytetrachlorophthalimide was obtained by treatment of N-hydroxy tetrachlorophthalimide with benzenesulphonyl chloride. Also, the titled compound 3 was obtained by reaction of compound 2 with hydrazine hydrate via Lossen rearrangement. Compound 3 used as starting material for the synthesis of new pyrimidine and quinazolinedione derivatives containing four chlorine atoms which have pharmacological activity

Utility of (2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-quinazolin-3-yl)-acetic acid hydrazide in the synthesis of some heterocyclic nitrogen compounds

An efficient synthesis of (2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-quinazolin-3-yl)-acetic acid hydrazide (3) has been achieved and described. The obtained hydrazide (3) was used in building of some interesting heterocycles such as, triazole, oxadiazole, pyrazole, phthalazine, and indol-2-one rings at position 3. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS spectral and elemental analysis

Design of a risk-averse decision making tool for smart distribution network operators under severe uncertainties: An IGDT-inspired augment ε-constraint based multi-objective approach

In the context of restructured electricity market and smart grid, uncertainties including renewable generation, load demand, and electricity price would significantly affect the technical and financial aspects of smart distribution networks. This paper presents a risk-averse decision making tool to help distribution network operator (DNO) in short-term operational activities. The objective is to optimize hourly sale prices offered to the customers, transactions (purchase/sale) with the wholesale market, commitment of distributed generation, dispatch of energy storage systems, and planning of interruptible loads in a way that a target profit for the risk-averse DNO is guaranteed. A bi-level information gap decision theory (IGDT) inspired problem is developed to hedge the DNO against risk imposed by the information gap between the forecasted and actual uncertain variables. The bi-level problem is recast into its equivalent single level problem driven by Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions. Since the uncertain variables compete with each other to maximize their enveloped-bounds, the augmented ε-constraint method is used to solve the proposed IGDT-inspired multi-objective optimization problem. A Monte Carlo simulation based after-the-fact analysis is conducted to verify the robust performance of the operational decisions. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model are evaluated on the 33-bus and the 118-bus modified test networks

Market power analysis for the Iranian electricity market

The market power problem in Iranian electricity market is addressed in this study. This paper by using various structural indices of market power and reviewing market results analyzes the intensity of competition in Iran's electricity market and examines whether this market is functioning at an appropriate level of efficiency. In this article the most well-known indices of market power are calculated in two approaches for two different scenarios (current situation and future outlook of generation sector's ownership in Iran's power industry). Comparing the results of these scenarios promises more competitive market for the second scenario. Calculating Residual Supply Index for Iran's power market shows despite admissible values of concentration ratios, due to supply scarcity during periods when the demand is close to the total available capacity, some suppliers can exercise market power even with a relatively small market share. The most important price and load indices like weighted average prices and load/price duration curves of Iranian electricity market during March 2007-March 2008 are also analyzed in this paper. These results imply the existence of economic withholding. The main limiting factors of competition and significant implemented countermeasures for market power mitigation in Iran's electricity market are also mentioned.Iranian electricity market Market power Market power mitigation